Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt"

Elsayeda Farid Salem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

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Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt"

Elsayeda Farid Salem

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 24 January 2017 Accepted: 15 February 2017 Published: 3 March 2017

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Abstract

Large number of accidents that have occurred in three major practices, namely: industrial radiography, gamma irradiators, and radiotherapy. A radiological accident involves a sealed or unsealed radiation source leads to an uncontrolled release of ionizing radiation or radioactive materials into the environment, which may result in significant human exposure and/or material damage. A major accident occurred in greater Cairo Area during 2000 due to bad practice and human error. A radiological source (Ir-192 capsule with activity 31.5 Ci) was lost at the examination site near the pipe. Members of the public were plucked up. At least seven persons have exposed to overdoses, two of them died due to overexposure dose. In this study, the absorbed radiation doses and the associated hazards due to uncontrolled radioactive sources Ir-192 and Cs-137 are calculating using RESRAD‑Building computer code. An overview of the consequences and the obtained results are registered in lessons learned study would clarify the necessary that the regulatory authority to introduce measures capable to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11
Page(s)	13-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Overexposure, Radiation Accident, Orphan Sources, Computer Code, Radiation Contamination

References

[1]	International Atomic Energy Agency "Sealed Radioactive Sources" Austria, October 2013.
[2]	International Atomic Energy Agency "Radiation Accidents: Occurrence, Types, Consequences, Medical Management, and the Lessons to be Learned" CEJOEM 2001, Vol/1/3. No/1/3.:3-14.
[3]	International Atomic Energy Agency "The Radiological Accident in Gilan" IAEA, Vienna (2002)
[4]	Karen Coeytaux. et. al. "Reported Radiation Overexposure Accidents Worldwide, 1980-2013: A Systematic Review" National Centre For Biotechnology information (NCBI) Journal, 2015.
[5]	P. Ortiz, M. Oresegun, J. Wheatley "Lessons from Major Radiation Accidents" International Atomic Energy Agency T-21-1, P-11-230.
[6]	UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, Lost Iridium-192 Source Resulting in the Death of Eight Persons in Morocco, Information Notice No. 85-57, NRC, Washington, DC (1985).
[7]	International Atomic Energy Agency “LESSONS LEARNED FROM ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY” SAFETY REPORTS SERIES No. 7 VIENNA, 1998.
[8]	International Atomic Energy Agency "STRENGTHENING CONTROL OVER RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN AUTHORIZED USE AND REGAINING CONTROL OVER ORPHAN SOURCES", IAEA, VIENNA, 2004.
[9]	El-Naggar, A. M., M. H. M. Mohammad and M. A. Gomaa, proceedings of the fourth international REAC/TS conference on The Medical Basis for Radiation – Accident Preparedness, Florida, March 2001.
[10]	United States Department of Energy "User’s Manual for RESRAD-BUILD Version 3", June 2003.
[11]	International Atomic Energy Agency "The Radiological accident in Goiânia", Vienna:. 1988.
[12]	IAEA "Generic procedures for assessment and response during a radiological emergency" TECDOC-1162, 2000, ISSN 1011–4289.
[13]	El Naggar, A. M., Medical Radiation Biology, Al-Tobgy press, 2009.
[14]	IAEA, the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale, 2009).
[15]	Malheiros, Tania "Histórias secretas do Brasil nuclear" (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: WVA. p. 122. ISBN 9788585644086 (1996).
[16]	S. R. Al Saadi and J. Ramsey "Management of Emergencies and Safety and Security Relevant Events Involving Radioactive Sources", IAEA, Proceedings of an International Conference Abu Dhabi, U. A. E. 27–31 October 2013.
[17]	Egyptian Nuclear Law No. 7 for the Year 2010 to Regulate the Nuclear and Radioactive Activities. Official Gazette No. 12, Year No. 53, dated 30 March 2010.

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Elsayeda Farid Salem. (2017). Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt". American Journal of Physics and Applications, 5(2), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

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ACS Style

Elsayeda Farid Salem. Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt". Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2017, 5(2), 13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

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AMA Style

Elsayeda Farid Salem. Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt". Am J Phys Appl. 2017;5(2):13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11,
  author = {Elsayeda Farid Salem},
  title = {Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt"},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20170502.11},
  abstract = {Large number of accidents that have occurred in three major practices, namely: industrial radiography, gamma irradiators, and radiotherapy. A radiological accident involves a sealed or unsealed radiation source leads to an uncontrolled release of ionizing radiation or radioactive materials into the environment, which may result in significant human exposure and/or material damage. A major accident occurred in greater Cairo Area during 2000 due to bad practice and human error. A radiological source (Ir-192 capsule with activity 31.5 Ci) was lost at the examination site near the pipe. Members of the public were plucked up. At least seven persons have exposed to overdoses, two of them died due to overexposure dose. In this study, the absorbed radiation doses and the associated hazards due to uncontrolled radioactive sources Ir-192 and Cs-137 are calculating using RESRAD‑Building computer code. An overview of the consequences and the obtained results are registered in lessons learned study would clarify the necessary that the regulatory authority to introduce measures capable to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt"
AU  - Elsayeda Farid Salem
Y1  - 2017/03/03
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T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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AB  - Large number of accidents that have occurred in three major practices, namely: industrial radiography, gamma irradiators, and radiotherapy. A radiological accident involves a sealed or unsealed radiation source leads to an uncontrolled release of ionizing radiation or radioactive materials into the environment, which may result in significant human exposure and/or material damage. A major accident occurred in greater Cairo Area during 2000 due to bad practice and human error. A radiological source (Ir-192 capsule with activity 31.5 Ci) was lost at the examination site near the pipe. Members of the public were plucked up. At least seven persons have exposed to overdoses, two of them died due to overexposure dose. In this study, the absorbed radiation doses and the associated hazards due to uncontrolled radioactive sources Ir-192 and Cs-137 are calculating using RESRAD‑Building computer code. An overview of the consequences and the obtained results are registered in lessons learned study would clarify the necessary that the regulatory authority to introduce measures capable to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.
VL  - 5
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Author Information

Elsayeda Farid Salem

Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority, Cairo, Egypt

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APA Style

Elsayeda Farid Salem. (2017). Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt". American Journal of Physics and Applications, 5(2), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

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ACS Style

Elsayeda Farid Salem. Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt". Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2017, 5(2), 13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

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AMA Style

Elsayeda Farid Salem. Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt". Am J Phys Appl. 2017;5(2):13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11,
  author = {Elsayeda Farid Salem},
  title = {Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt"},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20170502.11},
  abstract = {Large number of accidents that have occurred in three major practices, namely: industrial radiography, gamma irradiators, and radiotherapy. A radiological accident involves a sealed or unsealed radiation source leads to an uncontrolled release of ionizing radiation or radioactive materials into the environment, which may result in significant human exposure and/or material damage. A major accident occurred in greater Cairo Area during 2000 due to bad practice and human error. A radiological source (Ir-192 capsule with activity 31.5 Ci) was lost at the examination site near the pipe. Members of the public were plucked up. At least seven persons have exposed to overdoses, two of them died due to overexposure dose. In this study, the absorbed radiation doses and the associated hazards due to uncontrolled radioactive sources Ir-192 and Cs-137 are calculating using RESRAD‑Building computer code. An overview of the consequences and the obtained results are registered in lessons learned study would clarify the necessary that the regulatory authority to introduce measures capable to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Risk Analysis for Overexposure Measurements Due to Radiological Accidents Using Computer Code and the Lessons Learned “Meet Halfa as a Case Study, Egypt"
AU  - Elsayeda Farid Salem
Y1  - 2017/03/03
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 13
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.11
AB  - Large number of accidents that have occurred in three major practices, namely: industrial radiography, gamma irradiators, and radiotherapy. A radiological accident involves a sealed or unsealed radiation source leads to an uncontrolled release of ionizing radiation or radioactive materials into the environment, which may result in significant human exposure and/or material damage. A major accident occurred in greater Cairo Area during 2000 due to bad practice and human error. A radiological source (Ir-192 capsule with activity 31.5 Ci) was lost at the examination site near the pipe. Members of the public were plucked up. At least seven persons have exposed to overdoses, two of them died due to overexposure dose. In this study, the absorbed radiation doses and the associated hazards due to uncontrolled radioactive sources Ir-192 and Cs-137 are calculating using RESRAD‑Building computer code. An overview of the consequences and the obtained results are registered in lessons learned study would clarify the necessary that the regulatory authority to introduce measures capable to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download