Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh; Rui Gama Vaz; Fiona Braka; Khaled Abdelrahim; Adamu Ibrahim Ningi; Isa Mohammed Bello

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, Isa Mohammed Bello

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 5 June 2016 Accepted: 13 June 2016 Published: 4 July 2016

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Abstract

The need for a country or region to achieve certification as polio-free requires spending at least 3 consecutive years without a reported case of polio. Meeting the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) core surveillance indicators forms an important requirement during the stipulated period towards achieving certification. In addition to meeting the AFP core indicators, non-polio enteroviruses (NPENT) rate is key in evaluating whether the reported AFP meets the minimum required to be tag as true AFP. This cross-sectional quantitative study distributed questionnaires to 20 disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) on the AFP surveillance network of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The responses were collated and analyzed accordingly. The result shows that although 20 (100%) DSNOs/assistant DSNOs were involved in the process of stool collection only 12 (60%) participated in the process for all cases reported in their respective LGAs in 2015. Additionally, while 9 (45%) of the respondents admit that specimen are batched in Bauchi prior transporting to Gombe, 18 (90%) of the responses shows that specimen are batched in Gombe for onward delivery to the national polio laboratory in Ibadan. Thus, the low NPENT rate (10.3%) recorded in Bauchi in 2015 could be attributed to factors that include batching of specimens before the final analysis in national polio laboratory, failure of DSNOs/assistant DSNOs to fully participate in the process of stool collection of reported AFP cases. Thus, there is need to avoid batching of stool specimen at all levels to avoid compromising outcome of the final analysis.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
Page(s)	342-345
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Acute Flaccid Paralysis, AFP Core Indicators, Batching of Specimen, Non-polio Enteroviruses, Non-polio AFP Rate, Reverse Cold Chain

References

[1]	WHO (2015). Poliomyelitis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/
[2]	Odoom, J. K., Ntim, N. A., Sarkodie, B. et al. (2014) BMC Public Health, 14: 687 Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/687
[3]	Global Polio Eradication Initiative (2016). Retrieved from http://www.polioeradication.org/
[4]	CDC (2015). The Global Polio Eradication Initiative Stop Transmission of Polio (STOP) Program-1999-2013. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6224a5.htm
[5]	Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2008). Research methods in the social sciences (7^th ed.). New York: Worth.
[6]	Szklo, M., & Nieto, F. J. (2014). Epidemiology: Beyond the basics (3^rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett
[7]	Saleh, J-E. A., Vaz, R. G., Braka, F., Abdelrahim, K., & Ningi, A. I. (2016). A critical look at 2015 AFP surveillance core indicators of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health (In press).
[8]	Soji, O. B., Olayinka, O. A., Obu, H. T., et al. (2007). Non-polio Enteroviruses Implicated in Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Northern Nigeria. Res. J. Medicine & Med. Sci., 2 (1): 25-28, 2007
[9]	CDC (2015). Non-Polio Enterovirus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/
[10]	CDC (2013). Non-Polio Enterovirus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/

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Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, et al. (2016). Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(4), 342-345. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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ACS Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh; Rui Gama Vaz; Fiona Braka; Khaled Abdelrahim; Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, et al. Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(4), 342-345. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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AMA Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, et al. Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(4):342-345. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21,
  author = {Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh and Rui Gama Vaz and Fiona Braka and Khaled Abdelrahim and Adamu Ibrahim Ningi and Isa Mohammed Bello},
  title = {Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {342-345},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160404.21},
  abstract = {The need for a country or region to achieve certification as polio-free requires spending at least 3 consecutive years without a reported case of polio. Meeting the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) core surveillance indicators forms an important requirement during the stipulated period towards achieving certification. In addition to meeting the AFP core indicators, non-polio enteroviruses (NPENT) rate is key in evaluating whether the reported AFP meets the minimum required to be tag as true AFP. This cross-sectional quantitative study distributed questionnaires to 20 disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) on the AFP surveillance network of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The responses were collated and analyzed accordingly. The result shows that although 20 (100%) DSNOs/assistant DSNOs were involved in the process of stool collection only 12 (60%) participated in the process for all cases reported in their respective LGAs in 2015. Additionally, while 9 (45%) of the respondents admit that specimen are batched in Bauchi prior transporting to Gombe, 18 (90%) of the responses shows that specimen are batched in Gombe for onward delivery to the national polio laboratory in Ibadan. Thus, the low NPENT rate (10.3%) recorded in Bauchi in 2015 could be attributed to factors that include batching of specimens before the final analysis in national polio laboratory, failure of DSNOs/assistant DSNOs to fully participate in the process of stool collection of reported AFP cases. Thus, there is need to avoid batching of stool specimen at all levels to avoid compromising outcome of the final analysis.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015
AU  - Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh
AU  - Rui Gama Vaz
AU  - Fiona Braka
AU  - Khaled Abdelrahim
AU  - Adamu Ibrahim Ningi
AU  - Isa Mohammed Bello
Y1  - 2016/07/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 342
EP  - 345
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
AB  - The need for a country or region to achieve certification as polio-free requires spending at least 3 consecutive years without a reported case of polio. Meeting the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) core surveillance indicators forms an important requirement during the stipulated period towards achieving certification. In addition to meeting the AFP core indicators, non-polio enteroviruses (NPENT) rate is key in evaluating whether the reported AFP meets the minimum required to be tag as true AFP. This cross-sectional quantitative study distributed questionnaires to 20 disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) on the AFP surveillance network of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The responses were collated and analyzed accordingly. The result shows that although 20 (100%) DSNOs/assistant DSNOs were involved in the process of stool collection only 12 (60%) participated in the process for all cases reported in their respective LGAs in 2015. Additionally, while 9 (45%) of the respondents admit that specimen are batched in Bauchi prior transporting to Gombe, 18 (90%) of the responses shows that specimen are batched in Gombe for onward delivery to the national polio laboratory in Ibadan. Thus, the low NPENT rate (10.3%) recorded in Bauchi in 2015 could be attributed to factors that include batching of specimens before the final analysis in national polio laboratory, failure of DSNOs/assistant DSNOs to fully participate in the process of stool collection of reported AFP cases. Thus, there is need to avoid batching of stool specimen at all levels to avoid compromising outcome of the final analysis.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Rui Gama Vaz

WR/NIE, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria
Fiona Braka

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria
Khaled Abdelrahim

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Adamu Ibrahim Ningi

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Isa Mohammed Bello

EPI-IVE, World Health Organization, Bauchi Zonal Office, Bauchi State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, et al. (2016). Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(4), 342-345. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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ACS Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh; Rui Gama Vaz; Fiona Braka; Khaled Abdelrahim; Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, et al. Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(4), 342-345. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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AMA Style

Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh, Rui Gama Vaz, Fiona Braka, Khaled Abdelrahim, Adamu Ibrahim Ningi, et al. Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(4):342-345. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21,
  author = {Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh and Rui Gama Vaz and Fiona Braka and Khaled Abdelrahim and Adamu Ibrahim Ningi and Isa Mohammed Bello},
  title = {Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {342-345},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160404.21},
  abstract = {The need for a country or region to achieve certification as polio-free requires spending at least 3 consecutive years without a reported case of polio. Meeting the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) core surveillance indicators forms an important requirement during the stipulated period towards achieving certification. In addition to meeting the AFP core indicators, non-polio enteroviruses (NPENT) rate is key in evaluating whether the reported AFP meets the minimum required to be tag as true AFP. This cross-sectional quantitative study distributed questionnaires to 20 disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) on the AFP surveillance network of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The responses were collated and analyzed accordingly. The result shows that although 20 (100%) DSNOs/assistant DSNOs were involved in the process of stool collection only 12 (60%) participated in the process for all cases reported in their respective LGAs in 2015. Additionally, while 9 (45%) of the respondents admit that specimen are batched in Bauchi prior transporting to Gombe, 18 (90%) of the responses shows that specimen are batched in Gombe for onward delivery to the national polio laboratory in Ibadan. Thus, the low NPENT rate (10.3%) recorded in Bauchi in 2015 could be attributed to factors that include batching of specimens before the final analysis in national polio laboratory, failure of DSNOs/assistant DSNOs to fully participate in the process of stool collection of reported AFP cases. Thus, there is need to avoid batching of stool specimen at all levels to avoid compromising outcome of the final analysis.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Behind Low NPENT Rate in Bauchi State in 2015
AU  - Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh
AU  - Rui Gama Vaz
AU  - Fiona Braka
AU  - Khaled Abdelrahim
AU  - Adamu Ibrahim Ningi
AU  - Isa Mohammed Bello
Y1  - 2016/07/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 342
EP  - 345
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160404.21
AB  - The need for a country or region to achieve certification as polio-free requires spending at least 3 consecutive years without a reported case of polio. Meeting the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) core surveillance indicators forms an important requirement during the stipulated period towards achieving certification. In addition to meeting the AFP core indicators, non-polio enteroviruses (NPENT) rate is key in evaluating whether the reported AFP meets the minimum required to be tag as true AFP. This cross-sectional quantitative study distributed questionnaires to 20 disease surveillance and notification officers (DSNOs) on the AFP surveillance network of Bauchi State, Nigeria. The responses were collated and analyzed accordingly. The result shows that although 20 (100%) DSNOs/assistant DSNOs were involved in the process of stool collection only 12 (60%) participated in the process for all cases reported in their respective LGAs in 2015. Additionally, while 9 (45%) of the respondents admit that specimen are batched in Bauchi prior transporting to Gombe, 18 (90%) of the responses shows that specimen are batched in Gombe for onward delivery to the national polio laboratory in Ibadan. Thus, the low NPENT rate (10.3%) recorded in Bauchi in 2015 could be attributed to factors that include batching of specimens before the final analysis in national polio laboratory, failure of DSNOs/assistant DSNOs to fully participate in the process of stool collection of reported AFP cases. Thus, there is need to avoid batching of stool specimen at all levels to avoid compromising outcome of the final analysis.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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