Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Shiferaw Birhanu; Aderaw Anteneh; Yezabnesh Kibie; Ayalew Jejaw

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Shiferaw Birhanu, Aderaw Anteneh, Yezabnesh Kibie, Ayalew Jejaw

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 18 November 2015 Accepted: 8 December 2015 Published: 16 February 2016

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Abstract

Background: In Ethiopia, a considerable proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine preventable diseases. According to EDHS 2011, only 24% of children were fully vaccinated nationally. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice are key tools to decrease dropout rates and to prevent or control infectious diseases. Thus, this study was aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers regarding infant immunization and their associated factors in immunization clinic in health centers at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1^st to April 1^st, 2013. Multi stage sampling technique was used for participant selection. Participants were interviewed with structured questionnaire for different variables. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed during data analysis. Results: Only 55.0%, 53.8%, and 84% of respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards immunization of infants, respectively. Maternal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR[= 1.781, 95% CI: 1.035, 3.065), respondents who had infants aged from 3-9 months (AOR=1.947, 95% CI:1.051, 3.607), 9-12 months (AOR =2.305, 95% CI: 1.216, 4.371) and mothers who gave births greater or equal to two times (AOR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.087, 2.238) were significantly associated with knowledge of mothers regarding immunization of infants. Mothers’ education (AOR = 2.160, 95% CI: 1.208, 3.864) and mothers who had infants’ aged from 2-3 months (AOR = 2.014, 95% CI: 1.044, 3.883) were significantly association with favorable attitude towards immunization of infants. Good infant immunization practice was significantly associated with mothers who heard information about vaccination (AOR=1.784, 95% CI: 1.002, 3.176), mothers who know correctly the time when infants should begin immunization (AOR=2.240, 95% CI: 1.198, 4.192), know the number of sessions needed (AOR=1.772, 95% CI: 1.076, 2.918), know the time when infants should complete immunization (AOR=1.800, 95% CI: 1.123, 2.885) and place of delivery (AOR=23.829, 95% CI: 10.025, 56.639). Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude of mothers’ about infant vaccination was not adequate. Despite inadequate knowledge and attitude of mothers towards infant immunization, 84.0% of mothers found in Addis Ababa had good practice of infants’ immunization. Health education to promote knowledge and attitude based immunization practice is recommended.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
Page(s)	6-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Immunization, Infant, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Immunization Clinic, Health Centre

References

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[3]	Millennium Development Goals, 4. Reduce Child Mortality. Available at http://www.unicef. org/mdg/childmortality.html. Accessed, November 28, 2009.
[4]	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. Health and health related indicators, 2011G. C.
[5]	World Health Organization, Regional office for African. Expanded program on immunization, 2012.
[6]	Angela Gentile. Pediatric disease burden and vaccination recommendations: understanding local differences. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010; 30(30):1019-29.
[7]	Epidemiology of the Unimmunized Child. Findings from the Peer Reviewed Published Literature, 1999 – 2009. Prepared for the World Health Organization, December 2009.
[8]	Gust DA. Under immunization among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on immunization status. Pediatrics; 2004; 114(1).
[9]	Kirsten S. Attitudes and Beliefs of Parents Concerned about Vaccines: Impact of Timing of Immunization Information. Pediatrics; 2011:127, S120.
[10]	Ann Chen Wu. Postpartum Mothers’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Trust Regarding Vaccination. Published in final edited form as: Maternal Child Health J2008; 12(6): 766–773.
[11]	Etana B. and Deressa W. Factors associated with complete immunization coverage in children aged 12–23 months in Ambo Woreda, Central Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:566 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-566).
[12]	Mapatano MA. Immunization-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Original Research, available at www.safpj.co.za SA Fam Pract 2008; 50 (2):61.
[13]	Anjum Fazli, Rohul Jabeen, and Dr. Syed Arshad Hussain Andrabi. Immunization of Children in a Rural Area of North Kashmir, India: A KAP Study. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 2012; 11(1).
[14]	Abdulraheem I. S. Reasons for incomplete vaccination and factors for missed opportunities among rural Nigerian children. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 2011; 3(4):194-203.
[15]	Tagbo BN et al. Mothers’ knowledge, perception and practice of childhood immunization in Enugu. Niger J Paed2012; 39(3): 90-96.
[16]	Ubajaka F.C., Ukegbu A.U., Okafor N.J., and Ejiofor O. The Prevalence of Missed Opportunities for Immunization among Children Utilizing Immunization Services in NNAMDI AZIKIWE University Teaching Hospital, NNEWI. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 2012; l 2(6).
[17]	Anna E. Shurtleff. Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors of Parents towards Childhood Immunizations. University of North Texas Health Science Center UNTHSC Scholarly Repository. Theses and Dissertations, 2009.
[18]	Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, EDHS. Preliminary Report; Central Statistical Agency Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011.
[19]	Roos M. Bernsen, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards immunizations among mothers in a traditional city in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Medical Sciences; 2011; 4(3): 114-121.
[20]	Ashene N. Assessment of quality of expanded program on immunization in Oromia Zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2006.

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Shiferaw Birhanu, Aderaw Anteneh, Yezabnesh Kibie, Ayalew Jejaw. (2016). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 4(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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ACS Style

Shiferaw Birhanu; Aderaw Anteneh; Yezabnesh Kibie; Ayalew Jejaw. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2016, 4(1), 6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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AMA Style

Shiferaw Birhanu, Aderaw Anteneh, Yezabnesh Kibie, Ayalew Jejaw. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2016;4(1):6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12,
  author = {Shiferaw Birhanu and Aderaw Anteneh and Yezabnesh Kibie and Ayalew Jejaw},
  title = {Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20160401.12},
  abstract = {Background: In Ethiopia, a considerable proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine preventable diseases. According to EDHS 2011, only 24% of children were fully vaccinated nationally. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice are key tools to decrease dropout rates and to prevent or control infectious diseases. Thus, this study was aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers regarding infant immunization and their associated factors in immunization clinic in health centers at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to April 1st, 2013. Multi stage sampling technique was used for participant selection. Participants were interviewed with structured questionnaire for different variables. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed during data analysis. Results: Only 55.0%, 53.8%, and 84% of respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards immunization of infants, respectively. Maternal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR[= 1.781, 95% CI: 1.035, 3.065), respondents who had infants aged from 3-9 months (AOR=1.947, 95% CI:1.051, 3.607), 9-12 months (AOR =2.305, 95% CI: 1.216, 4.371) and mothers who gave births greater or equal to two times (AOR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.087, 2.238) were significantly associated with knowledge of mothers regarding immunization of infants. Mothers’ education (AOR = 2.160, 95% CI: 1.208, 3.864) and mothers who had infants’ aged from 2-3 months (AOR = 2.014, 95% CI: 1.044, 3.883) were significantly association with favorable attitude towards immunization of infants. Good infant immunization practice was significantly associated with mothers who heard information about vaccination (AOR=1.784, 95% CI: 1.002, 3.176), mothers who know correctly the time when infants should begin immunization (AOR=2.240, 95% CI: 1.198, 4.192), know the number of sessions needed (AOR=1.772, 95% CI: 1.076, 2.918), know the time when infants should complete immunization (AOR=1.800, 95% CI: 1.123, 2.885) and place of delivery (AOR=23.829, 95% CI: 10.025, 56.639). Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude of mothers’ about infant vaccination was not adequate. Despite inadequate knowledge and attitude of mothers towards infant immunization, 84.0% of mothers found in Addis Ababa had good practice of infants’ immunization. Health education to promote knowledge and attitude based immunization practice is recommended.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AU  - Shiferaw Birhanu
AU  - Aderaw Anteneh
AU  - Yezabnesh Kibie
AU  - Ayalew Jejaw
Y1  - 2016/02/16
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 6
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
AB  - Background: In Ethiopia, a considerable proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine preventable diseases. According to EDHS 2011, only 24% of children were fully vaccinated nationally. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice are key tools to decrease dropout rates and to prevent or control infectious diseases. Thus, this study was aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers regarding infant immunization and their associated factors in immunization clinic in health centers at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to April 1st, 2013. Multi stage sampling technique was used for participant selection. Participants were interviewed with structured questionnaire for different variables. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed during data analysis. Results: Only 55.0%, 53.8%, and 84% of respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards immunization of infants, respectively. Maternal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR[= 1.781, 95% CI: 1.035, 3.065), respondents who had infants aged from 3-9 months (AOR=1.947, 95% CI:1.051, 3.607), 9-12 months (AOR =2.305, 95% CI: 1.216, 4.371) and mothers who gave births greater or equal to two times (AOR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.087, 2.238) were significantly associated with knowledge of mothers regarding immunization of infants. Mothers’ education (AOR = 2.160, 95% CI: 1.208, 3.864) and mothers who had infants’ aged from 2-3 months (AOR = 2.014, 95% CI: 1.044, 3.883) were significantly association with favorable attitude towards immunization of infants. Good infant immunization practice was significantly associated with mothers who heard information about vaccination (AOR=1.784, 95% CI: 1.002, 3.176), mothers who know correctly the time when infants should begin immunization (AOR=2.240, 95% CI: 1.198, 4.192), know the number of sessions needed (AOR=1.772, 95% CI: 1.076, 2.918), know the time when infants should complete immunization (AOR=1.800, 95% CI: 1.123, 2.885) and place of delivery (AOR=23.829, 95% CI: 10.025, 56.639). Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude of mothers’ about infant vaccination was not adequate. Despite inadequate knowledge and attitude of mothers towards infant immunization, 84.0% of mothers found in Addis Ababa had good practice of infants’ immunization. Health education to promote knowledge and attitude based immunization practice is recommended.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Shiferaw Birhanu

Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
Aderaw Anteneh

Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Yezabnesh Kibie

Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Ayalew Jejaw

Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Shiferaw Birhanu, Aderaw Anteneh, Yezabnesh Kibie, Ayalew Jejaw. (2016). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 4(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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ACS Style

Shiferaw Birhanu; Aderaw Anteneh; Yezabnesh Kibie; Ayalew Jejaw. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2016, 4(1), 6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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AMA Style

Shiferaw Birhanu, Aderaw Anteneh, Yezabnesh Kibie, Ayalew Jejaw. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2016;4(1):6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12,
  author = {Shiferaw Birhanu and Aderaw Anteneh and Yezabnesh Kibie and Ayalew Jejaw},
  title = {Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20160401.12},
  abstract = {Background: In Ethiopia, a considerable proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine preventable diseases. According to EDHS 2011, only 24% of children were fully vaccinated nationally. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice are key tools to decrease dropout rates and to prevent or control infectious diseases. Thus, this study was aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers regarding infant immunization and their associated factors in immunization clinic in health centers at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to April 1st, 2013. Multi stage sampling technique was used for participant selection. Participants were interviewed with structured questionnaire for different variables. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed during data analysis. Results: Only 55.0%, 53.8%, and 84% of respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards immunization of infants, respectively. Maternal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR[= 1.781, 95% CI: 1.035, 3.065), respondents who had infants aged from 3-9 months (AOR=1.947, 95% CI:1.051, 3.607), 9-12 months (AOR =2.305, 95% CI: 1.216, 4.371) and mothers who gave births greater or equal to two times (AOR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.087, 2.238) were significantly associated with knowledge of mothers regarding immunization of infants. Mothers’ education (AOR = 2.160, 95% CI: 1.208, 3.864) and mothers who had infants’ aged from 2-3 months (AOR = 2.014, 95% CI: 1.044, 3.883) were significantly association with favorable attitude towards immunization of infants. Good infant immunization practice was significantly associated with mothers who heard information about vaccination (AOR=1.784, 95% CI: 1.002, 3.176), mothers who know correctly the time when infants should begin immunization (AOR=2.240, 95% CI: 1.198, 4.192), know the number of sessions needed (AOR=1.772, 95% CI: 1.076, 2.918), know the time when infants should complete immunization (AOR=1.800, 95% CI: 1.123, 2.885) and place of delivery (AOR=23.829, 95% CI: 10.025, 56.639). Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude of mothers’ about infant vaccination was not adequate. Despite inadequate knowledge and attitude of mothers towards infant immunization, 84.0% of mothers found in Addis Ababa had good practice of infants’ immunization. Health education to promote knowledge and attitude based immunization practice is recommended.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Towards Immunization of Infants in Health Centres at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AU  - Shiferaw Birhanu
AU  - Aderaw Anteneh
AU  - Yezabnesh Kibie
AU  - Ayalew Jejaw
Y1  - 2016/02/16
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 6
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160401.12
AB  - Background: In Ethiopia, a considerable proportion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine preventable diseases. According to EDHS 2011, only 24% of children were fully vaccinated nationally. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice are key tools to decrease dropout rates and to prevent or control infectious diseases. Thus, this study was aimed to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of mothers regarding infant immunization and their associated factors in immunization clinic in health centers at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to April 1st, 2013. Multi stage sampling technique was used for participant selection. Participants were interviewed with structured questionnaire for different variables. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were performed during data analysis. Results: Only 55.0%, 53.8%, and 84% of respondents had good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards immunization of infants, respectively. Maternal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR[= 1.781, 95% CI: 1.035, 3.065), respondents who had infants aged from 3-9 months (AOR=1.947, 95% CI:1.051, 3.607), 9-12 months (AOR =2.305, 95% CI: 1.216, 4.371) and mothers who gave births greater or equal to two times (AOR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.087, 2.238) were significantly associated with knowledge of mothers regarding immunization of infants. Mothers’ education (AOR = 2.160, 95% CI: 1.208, 3.864) and mothers who had infants’ aged from 2-3 months (AOR = 2.014, 95% CI: 1.044, 3.883) were significantly association with favorable attitude towards immunization of infants. Good infant immunization practice was significantly associated with mothers who heard information about vaccination (AOR=1.784, 95% CI: 1.002, 3.176), mothers who know correctly the time when infants should begin immunization (AOR=2.240, 95% CI: 1.198, 4.192), know the number of sessions needed (AOR=1.772, 95% CI: 1.076, 2.918), know the time when infants should complete immunization (AOR=1.800, 95% CI: 1.123, 2.885) and place of delivery (AOR=23.829, 95% CI: 10.025, 56.639). Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude of mothers’ about infant vaccination was not adequate. Despite inadequate knowledge and attitude of mothers towards infant immunization, 84.0% of mothers found in Addis Ababa had good practice of infants’ immunization. Health education to promote knowledge and attitude based immunization practice is recommended.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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