Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief

Roya Ghafele; Robert D. O’Brien

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief

Roya Ghafele, Robert D. O’Brien

Published in International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Published: 20 February 2013

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Abstract

The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.

Published in	International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
Page(s)	13-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Intellectual Property, Open Innovation, Sustainability

References

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[2]	GX consultant (2012). Interview conducted on 17 May 2012.
[3]	‘The GreenXchange’ (2010) Davos hand-out produced by Nike and Creative Commons. Available from: (accessed 19 May 2012).
[4]	Mazur, Agnes (2009) ‘Green Exchange: Creating a Meta-Map of Sustai nability’, WorldChanging May 5. Available from: (accessed 22 May 2012).
[5]	Greenxchange.cc (2012) ‘The GreenXchange: Accelerating sustainable innovation through IP sharing’ (official website of the GreenXchange). Available from: (accessed 23 May 2012).
[6]	Chesbrough, H. 2006. Emerging secondary markets for Intellectual Property. Research Report to National Center for Industrial Property Information and Traning (NCIPI).
[7]	Lord, M.D., Mandel, S.W., and Wager, J.D. 2002. ‘Spinning out a Star’, Harvard Business Review. June 2002.
[8]	Christensen, J.F., Olesen, M.H. and Kjær, J.S. 2005. "The Industrial Dynamics of Open Innovation — Evidence from the transformation of consumer electronics." Research Policy, 34, 10 (December): 1533-1549.
[9]	De Jong, Jeroen P. J., Kalvet, Tarmo, and Vanhaverbeke, Wim. "Exploring a theoretical framework to structure policy implications of OI." Technology Analysis & Strategic Man-agement 22 (8): p. 877 – 896.
[10]	Caves, R. E, H. Crookell, and J. P Killing. 1983.The Imperfect Market for Technology Licenses. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics 45, no. 3: 249–267.
[11]	Teece, David J. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy 15, no. 6 (December): 285-305. doi :10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2.
[12]	Arora, A. 1995. Licensing tacit knowledge: intellectual property rights and the market for know-how. Economics of innovation and new technology 4, no. 1: 41–60.
[13]	Parr, R. 2007. Royalty Rates for Licensing Intellectual Property, at pg. 18-19, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[14]	Teece, D. J. 1988. Technological change and the nature of the firm. Technical change and economic theory: 256.
[15]	McClure, I. D. 2008. Commoditizing Intellectual Property Rights: The Practicability of a Commercialized and Transparent International IPR Market and the Need for International Standards. Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal 6: 1.
[16]	O’Brien, K. 2007. The first intellectual property rights auction in Europe will be held in Munich. New York Times.
[17]	Nike employee (2012). Interview conducted on 11 May‘GreenXchange: Partners Collaboratory’ (2011). Greenx-change.cc January 23. Available from: (accessed 23 May 2012).
[18]	Broughton, P.D. 2010. "Another form of creative thinking" The Financial Times, November 17, 2010.

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Roya Ghafele, Robert D. O’Brien. (2013). Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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ACS Style

Roya Ghafele; Robert D. O’Brien. Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief. Int. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 2013, 1(1), 13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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AMA Style

Roya Ghafele, Robert D. O’Brien. Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief. Int J Econ Behav Organ. 2013;1(1):13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12,
  author = {Roya Ghafele and Robert D. O’Brien},
  title = {Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief},
  journal = {International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijebo.20130101.12},
  abstract = {The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief
AU  - Roya Ghafele
AU  - Robert D. O’Brien
Y1  - 2013/02/20
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
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JF  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JO  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
AB  - The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.
VL  - 1
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ER  -

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Author Information

Roya Ghafele

The University of Oxford
Robert D. O’Brien

The University of Oxford

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APA Style

Roya Ghafele, Robert D. O’Brien. (2013). Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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ACS Style

Roya Ghafele; Robert D. O’Brien. Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief. Int. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 2013, 1(1), 13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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AMA Style

Roya Ghafele, Robert D. O’Brien. Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief. Int J Econ Behav Organ. 2013;1(1):13-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12,
  author = {Roya Ghafele and Robert D. O’Brien},
  title = {Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief},
  journal = {International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijebo.20130101.12},
  abstract = {The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief
AU  - Roya Ghafele
AU  - Robert D. O’Brien
Y1  - 2013/02/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
T2  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JF  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JO  - International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
SP  - 13
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7616
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
AB  - The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download